Plastic surgery and reconstructive surgery is a medical specialty that uses a number of surgical and nonsurgical techniques to change the appearance and function of a person's body. Plastic surgery procedures include both cosmetic enhancements as well as functionally reconstructive operations. In the former case, where aesthetics are considered more of the concern than changing the functionality, plastic surgery is also sometimes incorrectly referred to as cosmetic surgery.

Liposuction is not a low-effort alternative to exercise and diet. It is a form of body contouring with significant attendant risks and is not a weight loss method. The amount of fat removed varies by doctor, method, and patient, but is typically less than 10 pounds (5 kg).

A breast implant is a prosthesis used to enlarge the size of a woman's breasts (known as breast augmentation, breast enlargement, mammoplasty enlargement, augmentation mammoplasty or the common slang term boob job) for cosmetic reasons; to reconstruct the breast (e.g. after a mastectomy; or to correct genetic deformities), or as an aspect of male-to-female sex reassignment surgery.

Abdominoplasty or "tummy tuck" is a cosmetic surgery procedure used to make the abdomen more firm. The surgery involves the removal of excess skin and fat from the middle and lower abdomen in order to tighten the muscle and fascia of the abdominal wall. This type of surgery is usually sought by patients with loose tissues after pregnancy or individuals with sagging after major weight loss.

Gastric bypass procedures (GBP) are any of a group of similar operations used to treat morbid obesity—the severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue—and the health problems (comorbidities) it causes. Bariatric surgery is the term encompassing all of the surgical treatments for morbid obesity, not just gastric bypasses, which make up only one class of such operations.

Microdermabrasion (often referred to as Microderm) is a cosmetic procedure popular in day spas, doctors' practices, and medical spas in which the stratum corneum (dead outermost surface of the skin) is partially or completely removed by light abrasion.

A facelift, technically known as a rhytidectomy (literally, surgical removal of wrinkles), is a type of cosmetic surgery procedure used to give a more youthful appearance. It usually involves the removal of excess facial skin, with or without the tightening of underlying tissues, and the redraping of the skin on the patient's face and neck.

Breast reduction or reduction mammoplasty is an outpatient surgical procedure[1] which involves the reduction in the size of breasts by excising fat, skin, and glandular tissue; it may also involve a procedure to counteract drooping of the breasts. As with breast augmentation, this procedure is performed most often on women, but may also be performed on men afflicted by gynecomastia.

Restylane is the trade name for a specific formulation of non-animal sourced hyaluronic acid, based on Q-Med’s (the manufacturer, Uppsala, Sweden) patented NASHA™ (Stabilized non-animal hyaluronic acid) technology and is (USA) FDA approved for cosmetic injection into facial tissues.

A mole, technically known as a melanocytic naevus, is a small, dark spot on human skin. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, the majority of moles appear during the first two decades of a person’s life while about one in every 100 babies are born with moles. Mole Removal.

Mastopexy or breast lift surgery refers to a group of elective surgical operations designed to improve the appearance of the breast. Aging, weight loss, and childbirth can lead to a loss of volume and tone of the breast causing sagging or drooping, also referred to as breast ptosis.

Epilation by laser was performed experimentally for about 20 years before it became commercially available in the mid 1990s. Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) epilators, though technically not a laser, use xenon flash lamps that emit full spectrum light. Laser and light-based methods, sometimes called phototricholysis or photoepilation, are now most commonly referred to collectively as laser hair removal.

Tattoo removal - While tattoos are considered permanent, it is possible to remove them. Complete removal, however, may not be possible (although many doctors and laser practitioners make the claim that upwards of 95% removal is possible with the newest lasers, especially with black and darker colored inks), and the expense and pain of removing them typically will be greater than the expense and pain of applying them.

Rhinoplasty (Greek: Rhinos, "Nose" + Plassein, "to shape") is a cosmetic surgical procedure which is usually performed by either an Otolaryngologist, Maxillofacial Surgeon, or general Plastic Surgeon in order to improve the function (reconstructive surgery) and/or the appearance (cosmetic surgery) of a person's nose. Rhinoplasty is also commonly called a nose job.

Gynecomastia, or gynaecomastia, pronounced is the development of abnormally large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement, which can sometimes cause secretion of milk. The term comes from the Greek gyne (oblique stem gynaik) meaning "woman" and mastos meaning "breast".

A body lift procedure gives the buttocks, abdomen and thighs an improved appearance. Excess fat and skin are removed caused mostly from a significant loss of weight, cellulite or sagging and drooping caused from bearing children or aging of the body itself.

Biological Treatment of Acne Scars. The best way of treating acne scars is to start early and continue for as long as is necessary. There are, however, a number of treatments available when suffering from scar formation. The idea behind biological acne scarring treatment is that old, damaged tissues and scars are replaced by new cells.

Blepharoplasty can be both a functional or cosmetic surgical procedure intended to reshape the upper eyelid or lower eyelid by the removal and/or repositioning of excess tissue as well as by reinforcement of surrounding muscles and tendons. When an advanced amount of upper eyelid skin is present, the skin may hang over the eyelashes and cause a loss of peripheral vision.

Dermabrasion is a cosmetic medical procedure in which the surface of the epidermis of the skin (the stratum corneum) is removed by abrasion (sanding). It is used to remove sun-damaged skin and to remove or lessen scars and dark spots on the skin.

CSCL Home Page

Upcoming CSCL Conferences:

• CSCL '02, Jan. 7-11, 2002, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

• EuroCSCL '03, 2003, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

 

Past CSCL Conferences:

• EuroCSCL '01 , Mar. 22-24, 2001, Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands

• CSCL '99, Dec. 12-15, 1999, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

• CSCL '97, Dec. 10-14, 1997, Univ. of Toronto/OISE, Toronto, Ont.

• CSCL '95, Oct. 17-20, 1995, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN

• Workshop on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning, Oct. 4-6, 1991, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL

(Bound versions of the proceedings for CSCL '95, CSCL '97, CSCL '99, and the first Euro CSCL meeting are available through Lawrence Erlbaum Associates)

 

Related conferences and organizations:

• ACM Special Interest Group on Supporting Group Work (SIG GROUP)

• Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC)

• European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (EARLI)